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History Of Delhi |
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The resilient city, Delhi, is one of the oldest surviving cities in the world. Despite of several invasions, destructions and wars the city has managed to protect its rich cultural heritage and architectural beauty. Over the centuries, the city has absorbed diverse cultures and different religions not only from India but also from Central Asia, Persia and Europe.
The city of Delhi has evolved from eight different cities, each built in different era and distinct architechture. The city hosts glimpses of British, Mughal, Persian and of course Indian architechtures.
The History of Delhi dates back to 500 BC. The earliest known mention of Delhi was a Hindu epic Mahabhartha of 500 BC which describes Delhi as Indraprastha (God Inder’s palace), capital of Pandavas. It is said in 800 BC Raja Dhilu named it as Dhilika, a sanskrit word, which later became Delhi.
As mentioned in History the first city of Delhi, Lal Kot was founded by the Tomar ruler Anangpal, in the 11th century. Qutbuddin Aibak became Delhi's first Sultan in 1206 and laid the foundations of the Qutb Minar, India's tallest stone tower at the site of the first city of Delhi subsequently the kings of the Sultanate dynasties, Khaljis, Tughluqs Sayyids and Lodis continued to build New cities as Delhi grew.
Alaud-Din Khalji built the second city of Siri in 1296-1316; Tughlaqabad, the third city built by Ghiysud-Din Tughlug (1321-51); Firuzabad, the fifth city of Delhi, is now represented by Kotla Firuz Shah, founded by Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351-88).
Mughal Emperor Humayun built the sixth city - Dinpanah. This was destroyed and reconstructed as the Purana Qila by Sher Shah Suri however, it was the Mughals who took Delhi to the zenith of architectural glory.
Humayun’s great grandson Shah Jehan (1628-58) built the seventh city, Shahjahanabad and established it as Mughal capital.
Nader Shah defeated the Mughal army at the huge Battle of Karnal in February, 1739. After this victory, Nader captured and sacked Delhi.
In 1761, Delhi was raided by Ahmed Shah Abdali after the Third battle of Panipat. Delhi passed to British control in 1857 after the First War of Indian Independence; the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar II was exiled to Rangoon and the remaining Mughal territories were annexed as a part of British India.
British rule in India is another chaper in history of Delhi which ended with partition of Delhi.
Recommended Books On History Of Delhi
Ancient Delhi by Upender singh: This book traces the history of Delhi from the Stone Age to the time of the Rajputs.The second edition updates the research on Delhi’s history and includes some new evidence.
History Of The Delhi Sultanate by crown size: a two volume work, describes the events and trends, cultural and social aspects of old delhi. This book makes an important contribution to medieval Indo-Muslim history.
The Delhi Sultanate: A Political And Military History This book brings out the history of delhi sultanate from 1210 till the fall of Delhi in 1400.
Delhi Sultanate (urbanization And Social Change) by Iqtidar Husain Siddiqui
History of Delhi under the Late Mughals by Percival Spear
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